1. DEFINITIONS
The word "special intelligent" as we know in the last year. Smart special is
the term used for a child who has extraordinary intelligence. That is,
intelligence is above average age. Some time ago we always use the term gifted
child for the term. However, this term can lead to confusion we when we have to
talk about a talented child. Thus the term gifted children in the special
meaning intelligent children are often confused with the term gifted
How long ago, the term special intelligent use of the term
"gifted intelligence" Even this term have trouble if it turns out the
child's application has also talent in some areas of achievement as well.
In English used the term gifted children for this special
smart kid. So if you want to search for literature on this issue in the English
language, we have to look for the keywords gifted children. In Europe often use
the term high ability or children who have a high potential.
Giftedness or intelligence actually have a special
understanding of a very complex and will continue to evolve in accordance with
the development of research in the future. Further described by Sternberg
(2004), that a child who is identified as a special smart kids will have more
chance of success than his friends who are not identified as special
intelligent, but the most important is not because they have that capability,
but they should be able to use his ability.
According to Sternberg and Davidson in 1986 giftedness is
arguably the most precious natural resource can have a civilization.
According to Terman (1925) on Giftedness refers to the factor G (intelligence), the general
ability that covers all aspects of the functioning of the individual.
Terman also divide the IQ scores for children with abilities
above - average as follows:
• IQ scores> 135: Moderately Gifted
•> 150: Exceptionally Gifted
•> 180: Profoundly Gifted.
Being able to use the ability that we often become our
problem, that child - this child, we know have the potential for extraordinary
intelligence, but it proved impossible to establish in the form of achievement.
Therefore, Monks (Monks & Ypenburg, 1995) explains that we, the parents,
teachers and the environment in which the child grows and develops it is
necessary to support these capabilities, so that the potential special it can
be expressed in terms of achievement in accordance with high potential.
According to Gardner (1999) definition of Giftedness are individuals who show exceptional
potential in one or more of these areas, such as linguistic intelligence,
logical mathematical, spatial, musical, kinesthetic, interpersonal,
intrapersonal and naturalistic.
Understanding others can we meet that giftedness would be a matter of
extraordinary intelligence as the main requirement, besides also required high
creativity, as well as the motivation and commitment to the job is also high.
With factors - factors that the special intelligence can be realized (Renzulli,
2004, 2005). Renzulli understanding is very famous with the name of the Three
Ring of Renzulli.
From understanding this Renzulli, by Monks developed into a
special intelligence underlying theory, which is then usually called triadic
Interdependence Model of Giftedness (1985). This theory says that the child,
motivation or attachment to high duty, high creativity and ability above -
average can only flourish if he gets the right support from the environment,
family and community (schools). So this Monks of Joseph Renzulli embed models
into a social context or social context, the community, the parents and the
school. For example if there is a misdiagnosis of gifted children who are diagnosed
with ADHD then given drugs to control his hyperactivity behavior is also inaccurate. So when embedded in a
social context means the extent to which these children can be facilitated by a
social context that makes children develop into good.
2. DETECTION WHEN CHILDREN
Detection effort is intended to see if the child has a child
indication as special smart. Detection can be done by parents, preschool
teachers, and other professionals, especially psychologists who have a special
interest in science kid - smart kids special.
According to Plato, Stiching,
2004; Mooij, et al., 2007; Kiebom 2008 said that giftedness detection toddler son through several signals,
namely:
• Signals growth
• Signal personality and behavioral characteristics
• Signal privileged intelligence (academic achievement,
accomplishment in extraordinary particular field, as well as measurement
results through the test of academic ability or IQ tests can be given if it is
already).
This means that here we have to use different ways to be
able to detect the children as early as possible, so that he soon stimulation,
guidance, education and materials that is challenging to outstanding talent can
be realized even so he was able to demonstrate outstanding achievements. In
order for the child in the process of growth is difficult to have confidence
that a good, happy, and build a good self-concept.
Do not get because of our ignorance, he eluded, the internal
impetus to develop the extraordinary potential it obstructed which can give
rise to behavioral and psychological problems, such as frustration, aggression,
withdrawal, or psychosomatic (physical pain disorder that is caused due to the
price signals to boost internal) .
According to Renzulli (2005) until the child can be referred
to as a special bright child until he is able to realize his special
achievements, he must meet the following requirements:
• It must have a high intelligence capacity
• It must have the ability to perform a creative thinking
and problem solving to build something new.
• It must have a strong willingness or motivation to solve
various problems in the middle face it, as well as the commitment and
resilience continue to work - constantly until the task is completed.
In other words, a child who has special
intelligent potential must have a strong push from within to solve the problems
faced, and also must have the tenacity and incredible toughness.
